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जल की अस्थायी एवं स्थायी कठोरता के क्या कारण है? वर्णन कीजिए।

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जल में `Ca(HCO_(3))_(2)` और `Mg(HCO_(3))_(2)` के घुले होने के कारण अस्थायी कठोरता होती है। जल की अस्थायी कठोरता को उबालकर दूर किया जा सकता है। यदि जल में `CaCl_(2), MgCl_(2), CaSO_(4)` तथा `MgSO_(4)` घुले हो तो जल में स्थायी कठोरता होती है।

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