Question

Show that the relation R on the set A = {x ∈ Z ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by R = {(a, b) : a = b}, is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.

Answer 1

We have,

A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12} be a set and

R = {(a, b) : a = b} be a relation on A

Now,

Proof :

To prove that relation is equivalence, we need to prove that it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

Reflexivity : For Reflexivity, we need to prove that-

(a, a) ∈ R

Let a ∈ A

⇒ a = a

⇒ (a, a) ∈ R

⇒ R is reflexive

Symmetric : For Symmetric, we need to prove that-

If (a, b) ∈ R, then (b, a) ∈ R

Let a, b ∈ A and (a, b) ∈ R

⇒ a = b

⇒ b = a

⇒ (b, a) ∈ R

⇒ R is symmetric

Transitive : : For Transitivity, we need to prove that-

If (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R, then (a, c) ∈ R

Let a, b & c ∈ A

and Let (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R

⇒ a = b and b = c

⇒ a = c

⇒ (a, c) ∈ R

⇒ R is transitive

Since, R is being reflexive, symmetric and transitive, so R is an equivalence relation.

Also, we need to find the set of all elements related to 1.

Since the relation is given by, R = {(a, b) : a = b}, and 1 is an element of A,

R = {(1, 1) : 1 = 1}

Thus, the set of all element related to 1 is 1.