Fayol’s Principles of Management:
Henry Fayol (1841-1925) is known as the ‘Father of General Management’.
The 14 principles of management given by him are:
(1) Division of Work :
This principle states that a complex work should be divided into small tasks, and each task should be assigned a particular employee. Division of work leads to specialization.
(2) Authority and Responsibility:
Authority is the right to give orders to the subordinates and responsibility is the obligation to perform the work in the manner directed by authority. There should be a balance between authority and responsibility.
(3) Discipline:
it is the obedience to organizational rules and employment agreement which are necessary for working of the organization.
(4) Unity of Command :
The principle of unity of command statej that each employee should receive orders om one superior only. It helps to avoid confusion and coniflict in the employees.
(5) Unity of Direction :
Each group of activities having the same objective must have one head and one plan. This ensures unity of action and co-ordination.
(6) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest:
The Interest of an organization should take priority over the interests of any one individual employee.
(7) Remuneration of Employees:
Remuneration should be just, equitable and fair to both employees and the organization.
(8) Centralization and Decentralization:
Centralisation means concentration of authority at the top management. Decentralisation means dispersal of authority to the lower levels in the organisation. There should be a balance between Centralisation and decentralization.
(9) Scalar Chain:
The formal lines of authority from highest to lowest ranks are known as scalar chain. According to this principle, communication should pass through the established chain of command. It ensures unity of command and effective communication.
Gang Plank :
According to the concept of gang plank persons of the same rank can cprnmunicate with each other especially in emergency situations. It helps to save a lot of time in communication and possibility of distortion of messages can be reduced.
10. Order:
According to Fayol, “People and materials must be in suitable places at appropriate time for maximum efficiency.”
11. Equity:
This principle requires the managers to be kind and just to workers. Superiors should be impartial while dealing with their subordinates.
12. Stability of Personnel:
According to Fayol, workers should not be moved from one job to another frequently. It helps to minimise labour tumoverin the organization.
13.Initiative:
Workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvements.
14. Espirit De Corps (Union is strength):
According to Fayol, Management should promote a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees.
