Between 950 and 1200, the Islamic society of the Middle Ages stood united not because of any political order or because of the one-language (Arabic) culture, but because of certain common economic and cultural factors. Even in the midst of political differences what maintained the unity was the separation between nation and society. The growth of Persian language and the intelligent discussions between different traditions nurtured this unity.
Scholars, artists, and merchants travelled freely in the various Islamic countries and propagated their ideas, Through the converts, some of these ideas reached even remote villages. There was a big growth in the Muslim population. As a religion and as cultural system, the identity of Islam attracted members of other religion, making conversions meaningful.
