Answer :
1. Answer : (c) Bio-insecticidal plants
Explanation: Bacillus thuringiensis strains have been used for designing bio insecticidal plants. A gene from this bacteria has an insecticidal property which is transferred to cotton plants to produce Bt cotton which is resistant to bollworm insects which is a major pest of cotton.
2. Answer : (b) Rhizobium
Explanation: The nif genes are genes involved in nitrogen fixation. They are found in nitrogen-fixing bacteria. They occur as an operon in free-living anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodobacter capsulatus.
3. Answer : : (b) Anabaena
Explanation: Azolla maintains a symbiotic relationship with Anabaena. They work together and benefit each other. Azolla fern procures a safe environment for Cyanobacteria and in return, it gets nitrogen fixed by Anabaena.
4. Answer : (c) Rice
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are used as biofertilizers mostly in paddy fields or rice fields. They help in nitrogen fixation and thus help in increasing the yield of rice.
5. Answer : (d) By Streptomyces griseus
Explanation: Streptomycin is an antibiotic agent produced by certain strains of Streptomyces griscus. It was found as the result of a search for an agent that would be active against gram-negative bacteria yet "nontoxic to the body and would therefore offer possibilities as a chemotherapeutic agent.
6. Answer : (c) Azotobactor
Explanation: the free living aerobic non-photosynthetic nitrogen fixing bacterium is Azotobacter.
7. Answer : (c) souring and ripening
Explanation: Microorganisms are required for the souring of milk for the production of cheese. Basically, Lactic Acid bacteria (LABs) are added to the milk for the formation of cheese. Ripening is a step later on for the maturation of cheese using microorganisms and other factors such as temperature, humidity, etc.
8. Answer : (a) Propionibacterium sharmanii
Explanation: The bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii is involved in the production of Swiss cheese.
9. Answer : (a) Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission
Explanation: The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC).
10. Answer : (a) Increasing its resistance to insects
Explanation: mycorrhizae permit the plant to obtain additional moisture and nutrients and Increasing its resistance to insects. This is particularly important in the uptake of phosphorus, one of the major nutrients required by plants. When mycorrhizae are present, plants are less susceptible to water stress.
11. Answer : (a) Pseudomonas
Explanation: Pseudomonas is not a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Pseudomonas is a saprophytic bacteria. Pseudomonas is used for biodegradation of organic pollutant like petroleum spillage.
12. Answer : (a) Aspergillus
Explanation: Citric acid is obtained through the fermentation carried out by Aspergillus niger on sugary syrups.
13. Answer : (a) March gas
Explanation: Marsh gas or methane gas is mainly produced by the activities of anaerobic bacteria on sewage.
14. Answer : (a) Biological process
Explanation: Secondary sewage treatment is mainly a biological process. In secondary treatment, primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks, where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into floes.
15. Answer : (a) oxygen consumption
Explanation: Biological oxygen demand (i.e., BOD) is measured by the amount of oxygen that would be consumed when all the organic matter in one liter is oxidized by bacteria. Thus, the BOD of waste water is estimated by measuring the amount of oxygen consumption.
16. Answer : (a) Wine
Explanation: Wine is an alcoholic drink produced without distillation whereas whisky, rum and brandy are produced by the distillation of the fermented broth.
17. Answer : (a) Lactate fermentation
Explanation: CO2 is released during aerobic respiration in both plants and animals. During lactate fermentation, pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis is reduced to lactic acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, there is no decarboxylation taking place so CO2 is not released.
18. Answer : (a) Primary treatment
Explanation: Physical removal of large and small particles through filtration and sedimentation is called primary sewage treatment.
19. Answer : (c) Snail
Explanation: Organic farming is green manures, farmyard manure, vermicompost, crop rotation, biopesticides and biofertilizers. Snail cannot be a component of organic farming.
20.Answer : (d) Common cold
Explanation: Antibiotics only work against infections caused by bacteria. They do not work against infections caused by viruses. Viruses cause colds, the flu, and most coughs and sore throats.
21. Answer : (a) Azolla
Explanation: Azolla is a pteridophyte or aquatic plant,float on the surface of the water and is used as a biofertilizer because it has an association with nitrogen–fixing cyanobacteria anabaena azollae.
22.Answer : (d) Eubacteria and archaea
Explanation: There are two major groups of monerans archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) and eubacteria (true bacteria). Eubacteria is of further two types - bacteria and cyanobacteria. Thermoacidophiles are a type of archaebacteria which live in extremely acidic environment (pH 2) that have extremely high temperatures (upto 110°C).
23. Answer : (b) Ascomycetes
Explanation: Ascomycetes is called sac fungi that live parasitically and in various habitats.
24. Answer : (d) Trichoderma polysporum
Explanation: Cyclosporine A is produced by fungi Trichoderma polysporum. Trichoderma polysporum produces Cyclosporine with the help of fermentation process.
25. Answer : (c) Statin
Explanation: Statin is known to be helpful in the prevention of Cardiac diseases such a heart attack and heart stroke. They have been proved helpful in lowering the blood cholesterol level. Statin lowers the LDL which is known as bad cholesterol by reducing its production in the liver.
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