Question

Where do transcription and translation occur inside a living cell? Briefly describe the three steps involved in the process of translation ?

Answer 1

	Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Transcription	Occurs in cytosol	Occurs in nucleus
Translation	Occurs in cytosol	Occurs in cytoplasm

Translation 

▪ Translation is the process of synthesis of protein from mRNA with the help of ribosome. 

▪ A translational unit in mRNA from 5' → 3' comprises of a start codon, region coding for a polypeptide, a stop codon and untranslated regions (UTRs) at both 5'-end and 3'-end for efficient process. 

▪ There are three stages of protein synthesis: 

i. Initiation 

• Assembly of ribosome on mRNA. 

• Activation of amino acids and its delivery to tRNA 

ii. Elongation 

• Repeated cycle of amino acid delivery. 

• Peptide bond formation and movement along the mRNA called translocation. 

iii. Termination 

• The release of a polypeptide chain.