Answer:
1. Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation: Nutrient is a necessity for human body to survive, grow and reproduce. There are six major nutrients: Vitamins, Proteins, Fats, Water, Minerals and Carbohydrates.
2. Answer: (a) heterotrophs
Explanation: Humans are heterotrophs. They cannot synthesize their own food and hence, dependent on other sources (plants and animals) for nutrition.
3. Answer: (b) photosynthesis
Explanation: This process, called photosynthesis, produces food for the plant and release oxygen into the air.
4. Answer: (c) Leaves
Explanation: Leaves are the specialized structures for food production and hence, called food factories of the plants.
5. Answer: (a) stomata
Explanation: The pores through which leaves exchange gases is Stomata. They are the small openings present on the inner surface of the leaves. Stomata can be opened and closed. During night when no photosynthesis take place the plant breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide through stomata.
6. Answer: (c) Solar energy
Explanation: Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, into chemical energy. It takes place by two steps light reaction and dark reaction. Light reaction synthesizes ATP and NADPH2 which is utilized for fixation of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates during the dark reaction. So, the sun is called as the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.
7. Answer: (d) chlorophyll
Explanation:: Chlorophyll is a pigment that gives plants their green color, and it helps plants create their own food through photosynthesis.
8. Answer: (а) solar energy is converted into chemical energy
Explanation: Plants use the process called photosynthesis which converts light energy (solar energy) into chemical energy. With the help photosynthesis, plants can make their own food from carbon dioxide and water in the existence of sunlight and chlorophyll. In this process, oxygen is released and glucose is produced. Glucose is either stored or converted into starch or it is used for respiration.
9. Answer: (а) CO2
Explanation: The raw materials of photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide, enter the cells of the leaf. Oxygen, a by-product of photosynthesis, and water vapor exit the leaf.
10. Answer: (b) Cuscuta
Explanation: Nepenthes - It is an insectivorous plant.
Rhizobium - Rod shaped, aerobic, Nitrogen fixing bacterium.
Cuscuta - complete stem parasite.
Lichens - Special type of plants formed by the association of algae and fungi.
11. Answer: (a) Fungi
Explanation: Fungi are saprotrophs. Saprophytes are the organisms which grow and depend on dead and decaying matter.
12. Answer: (a) Pitcher plant
Explanation: A pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant (also called as Insectivorous plant). Carnivorous plants are plants that eat insects and other small animals. Carnivorous plants grow in soil that has little nitrogen. All living things must have nitrogen.
13. Answer: (a) Rhizobium
Explanation: Leguminous plants contain Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules. These bacteria have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-usable form of nitrogen.
14. Answer: (a) Oxygen
Explanation: Oxygen is released during the process of photosynthesis.
15. Answer: (b) They live on decaying organic matter
Explanation: A saprophyte or saprotroph is an organism that gets its nutrition and energy from dead and decaying organic matter. These may be decaying parts of plants or animals. This means that saprophytes are heterotrophs. They are consumers in the food chain. This is a phenomenon observed in Fungi.
16. Answer: (a) blue-black colour
Explanation: Starch is the storage food reserve of a plant which is mainly present in the leaf. When its presence is tested by Iodine, It forms a blue- black color complex of starch Iodide. The iodine/starch complex has energy level spacings that are just so for absorbing visible light giving the complex its intense blue color.
17. Answer: (b) Algae
Explanation: Algae, along with plants and some bacteria and fungi, are autotrophs. Autotrophs are the producers in the food chain, meaning they create their own nutrients and energy. Kelp, like most autotrophs, creates energy through a process called photosynthesis.
18. Answer: (b) grows in soils which lacks nitrogen
Explanation: Pitcher plants trap insects in its modified trap-like organ to fulfill its requirements of Nitrogen and other nutrients as it grows in soil that lacks nitrogen. The dead insect inside its trap provides such nutrients required for normal functioning of the plant.
19. Answer: (c) saprophytic
Explanation: The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread-mould is saprophytic. These are all fungi.
20. Answer: (d) symbiosis
Explanation: When two organisms (such as fungus and algae) live as one and also help each other to survive, then this association is termed as symbiosis.
21. Answer: (a) hosts
Explanation: Parasitic nutrition or parasitism is a mode of heterotrophic nutrition where an organism (known as a parasite) lives on the body surface or inside the body of another living organism (known as a host). The parasite obtains nutrition directly from the body of the host.
22. Answer: (b) Thylakoids
Explanation: Chlorophyll is a pigment necessary for photosynthesis where it helps plants to absorb energy from light. It is located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments present inside chloroplasts.
23. Answer: (d) Leaves
Explanation: Atmospheric carbon dioxide enters plants mainly through the pores in the leaves called stomata during photosynthesis.
24. Answer: (a) Guard cell
Explanation: A pair of guard cells surrounds each stoma, and these cells control the opening and closing of the stomatal pore between them.
25. Answer: (a) Leguminous
Explanation: Leguminous plant are obtained most of the pulses.
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