Question

Which of the following are spontaneous? 

(a) Dissolving sugar in hot coffee.

(b) Separation of Ar and Kr from their mixture. 

(c) Spreading of fragrance when a bottle of perfume is opened. 

(d) Flow of heat from cold object to hot object.

(e) Heat transfer from ice to room temperature at 25 °C.

Answer 1

The spontaneous processes are : 

(a) Dissolving sugar in hot coffee. 

(b) Separation of Ar and Kr from their mixture. 

(c) Spreading of fragrance when a bottle of perfume is opened.

The non-spontaneous processes are : 

(d) Flow of heat from cold object to hot object. 

(e) Heat transfer from ice to room temperature at 25 °C.