Matter in our surroundings Class 9 Notes:
If you are wandering here and there matter in our surrounding notes then you are at right place. Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes will help you in revision and preparing for the final examinations. Here we included definition and characteristics of matter, diffusion and its application, Brownian motion, States of matter, all the three states of matter and their inter-conversion, evaporation, SI units of basic physical quantities.
Matter:
- Anything in this universe that has mass and occupies space is matter.
- Or simply, anything having mass as well as volume also can be perceived through our senses are matters.
- For example: Book, pencil, phone or anything around you is matter.
- You will get the whole revision sheet under Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes.
Composition of matter:
- Indian philosophers at early ages suggested that every living or non-living thing is made up of “panch tatva” which designates air, earth, fire, sky and water.
- Modern scientists have clarified the same in different way. According to them, matter is made up of small particles.
Classification of matter:
Matter is classified into different categories on the basis of its physical nature as well as chemical properties. Before defining different physical and chemical properties let us first consider the particle nature of matter. Chemical properties are not included in matter in our surroundings class 9 notes.
Characteristics of particles of matter:
- Particles of matter are very small.
- There are spaces between the particles.
- They are continuously moving thus possess kinetic energy.
- There is force of attraction between the particles.
Physical states of matter:
On the basis of physical nature of matter, it is classified into five different states. However, in Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes, we will read only main three states.
- Solid state
- Liquid State
- Gaseous state
- Plasma state
- Bose-Einstien condensate
Difference table of solid, liquid, gaseous state:
Properties |
Solid state |
Liquid state |
Gaseous state |
Space b/w
particles |
Particles are closely
packed in this state. |
Constituent particles
are loosely packed. |
Constituent particles
are far apart. |
Force of
attraction |
Very strong force of
attraction b/w particles
of solid state. |
Weaker force of
attraction as compared
to solid state. |
Much weak force
of attraction. |
Shape &
volume |
Have definite shape
and fixed volume. |
Don’t have definite
shape but have
fixed volume. |
Neither have fixed
shape nor fixed volume. |
Density |
They have high
density. |
Less density as
compared to solid state. |
Very low density. |
Diffusion |
It doesn’t diffuse. |
Liquid diffuses. |
It also diffuses. |
Compression |
Incompressible. |
Almost incompressible. |
Highly compressible. |
Kinetic
energy |
The constituent
particles possess a
little kinetic energy. |
Its particle have kinetic
energy a little more
than that in solids. |
The kinetic energy of
particles are very
high in gases. |
Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes mentioned all the important properties based differences.
Diffusion:
- The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own (due to motion of particles) is said to be
- As the temperature of substance increased, the rate of diffusion also increases.
- The diffusion of one substance into another substance continues until a uniform mixture is formed.
- Diffusion takes place in solid, liquid as well as gases.
Applications of diffusion:
As diffusion takes place in all the three states so let’s read each separately in Matter in our surroundings class 9 notes:
- Diffusion in solid in liquid:
- When potassium permanganate is added to a beaker filled with water, the colour of water slowly turns purple.
- As both water and crystals are made up of particles and they have space between its particles and the particles of one occupies the space of the other (particles keep moving so the whole water turns purple). Thus diffusion takes place.
- Diffusion of two gases:
- Gases have highest kinetic energy among the three states. So it moves fastest.
- The smell of the cooking vegetable in the mom’s kitchen soon comes in your nose is due to the diffusion of gases.
- As the gas or vapour from the cooking vessel moves in all direction and indulged in the vast space between particles of air.
- Diffusion of two solids:
- When blocks of two metal are bound together tightly and kept undisturbed for a few years, then we find that the particles of one metal have diffused into the other metal.
Brownian movement:
The zig-zag motion of the particles in a fluid is said to be Brownian motion. In matter in our surroundings class 9 notes you are provided with what the actual syllabus is. For analysis prefer NCERT books.