- All organisms need nutrients for their growth.
- The nutrients carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, calcium etc. are circulated and recycled from the biosphere to living organisms and after their death back to the biosphere.
- Nutrients are taken up by plants and then passed on to the consumers.
- Eventually, after their death, all types of consumers, are decomposed by decomposers like bacteria and fungi and the nutrients are again released into the biosphere and are, used again by living organisms.
Therefore, the flow of nutrients through an ecosystem is cyclic.