(a)
Although this reaction is reversible, it proceeds to completion by the formation of a very stable carbonion
(b)
the product `(II)` is without an acidic `H` between the two `(C=O)` groups. The reaction reverts to the more stable reactant ester rather proceedings towards completion.
( c) `Ph_3 C^(Ӫ)` is a very strong base and is capable of removing less acidic `H` atom (at `C-4)`, that is, `alpha`-to the keto `(C=O)` forming
, and favours the reaction for completion.