(a) This diagram is symmetrical about `AB`, hence points on the perpendicular bisector of `AB` i.e, `X,Y` and `Z` are at same potential. The resistances between `X` and `Y, Y` and `Z`, are redundant, remove them and solve.
(b) Symmetry about `AB, X, Y` and `Z` are at some potential , remove resistance between `X` and `Y , Y, ` and `Z`
( c) Symmetry about `AB, X, Y, Z` and `W` are at same potential , remove resistance between `X` and `Y, Y` and `Z, Z` and `W`.
(d) Symmetry about `AB, X, Y, Z` and `W` are at same potential , remove resistance between `X` and `Y, Z` and `W`.
(e) Symmetry about perpendicular bisector of `AB` i.e., `XYZ`. hence the points `X, Y` and `Z` are at the same potential Remove resistance between `X` and `Y, Y` and `Z`.
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