Correct Answer - B
Primary succession starts from the primitive substratum, where previously ther was not any sort of living matter. The first groups of plants establishing there are know as the pioneers, primary community or primary coloniser. Newly formed river delta, newly exposed sea floor, igneous rocks, sand dunes, new cooled lava sediments are some examples of primary bare area. Primary succession takes a long time for completion, several hundred to several thousand uyears.
