(a) El Nino effect : El Nino is a severe atmospheric and oceanic disturbance in the pacific.Ocean that occurs every seven to fourteen years. It is called El Nino, meaning 'the Child', because it usually appears near the Christmas season. Warm surface waters flow from the central Pacific towards eastern Pacific.
So El Nino is what the geo engineering study focussed on. Also because El Ninos are actually thought to be potentially more damaging on global scale, as they may cause floods and mudslides in Latin America, but also month-long drought in Southeast Asia and Australia through man-lit Borneo forest fires also causing environmental damage with increased CO2 emission and biodiversity loss.
(b) The three measures that we as an individual would take to reduce environmental pollution are :
(i) Electrostatic precipitator : It is the most widely used method for removal of particulate matter; about 99% of particulate pollutants are removed by this method from the exhaust of a thermal power plant.
(ii) Scrubber : Water dissolves the gases and lime reacts with sulphur dioxide to form a precipitate of calcium sulphate or sulphite.
(iii) Catalytic converters : As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed into carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively.
