(a) Geitonogamy : This is transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant.
(ii) It is genetically smilar to autogamy since pollengrains come from the same plant.
Xenogamy : (a) This is transfer of pollen grains from anther to the stigma of a different plant.
(iii) Here, genetically different pollen grains are brought to the stigma.
(b) Oviparous organisms : (i) Development of zygote takes place outside the body in the form of fertilised egg covered by a hard calcareous shell which after incubation brings forth the young ones.
(ii) Chances of survival of young one are less in oviparous organisms e.g : reptiles and birds.
Viviparous organisms : (i) Development of zygote takes place inside the body of a female organism and are delivered outside the body of the female orgamsin after reaching a certain stage of growth.
2. Chances of survival of young ones are more in viviparous organisms e.e : mammals.
Parthenogenesis The female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilization.
e.g : Rotifers and birds like (turkey).
Parthenocarpy : This is development of friut without the process of fertilization.
e.g : Banana.
