i. In a series combination, cells are connected in single electrical path, such that the positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the next cell, and so on.
ii. The terminal voltage of batteiy/cell is equal to the sum of voltages of individual cells in series.
Example: Given figure shows two 1.5 V cells connected in series. This combination provides total voltage,
V = 1.5 V + 1.5 V = 3 V.
iii. The equivalent emf of n number of cells in series combination is the algebraic sum of their individual emf.
iv. The equivalent internal resistance of n cells in a series combination is the sum of their individual internal resistance.
