The cyclotron is a device which is used to accelerate charged particles such as protons, deutrons, alpha particles, etc. to very high energy. The principle on which a cyclotron works is based on the fact that an electric field can accelerate a charged particle and a magnetic field can throw it into a circular orbit. A particle of charge `+q` experiences a force qE in an electric field E and this force is independent of velocity of the particle. The particle is accelerated in the direction of the magnetic field. On the other hand, a magnetic field at right angles to the direction of motion of the particle throws the particle in a circular orbit in which the particle revolves with a frequency that does not depend on its speed. A modest potential difference is used as a sources of electric field. If a charged particle is made to pass through this potential difference a number of times, it will acquire an enormous by large velocity and hence kinetic energy.
The working of a cyclotron is based on the fact that
A. The force experienced by a charged particles in an electric field is independent of its velocity
B. The radius of the circular orbit of a charged particle in a magnetic field increase with increase in its speed
C. The frequency of revolution of the particle along the circular path does not depend on its speed
D. All of the above
