Correct option (b) histamine and kinins
Explanation :
Inflammation is common to almost all diseases that involve microbiologic, chemical, or physical injury to living tissues. Acute inflammation may be defined as the microcirculation response to injury; the cardinal signs are heat, redness, pain, swelling, and loss of function. The accompanying microcirculatory changes comprise arteriolar vasodilation increased small vein permeability, formation of edema fluid and WBC migration to the site of injury. Histamine is stored in mast cell granules and basophils and is released by inflammatory and immunologic stimuli. It plays an important role in acute inflammation, exerting a dilator action on arterioles and increasing the permeability of small venules to plasma proteins and causing pain by stimulating nociceptors. However, the generally poor clinical efficacy of antihistamines suggests that their role in non-immune inflammation is limited. Plasma kinins such as bradykinin are not stored but are released by the action of kininogenase on plasma α2-globulin. Bradykinin is a potent vasodilator, increasing small vein permeability and causing pain by stimulating peripheral nociceptors, but it has a short half-life.
