The frequencies of all the harmonics present in an open pipe are
n = (p + 1) \(\frac v{4L}\) = (p + 1) \(\frac v{4(I+2e)'}\)
where p = 0,1,2,3,......
The frequencies of the odd harmonics present in a closed pipe are
n = (2p + 1) \(\frac v{4L}\) = (p + 1) \(\frac v{4(I+e)'}\)
where p = 0,1, 2, 3, … .