Correct Answer - Option 3 : Perennialism
The belief that schools should teach ideas that are everlasting is Perennialism.
Perennialism:
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Perennialism in education is the belief that schools should teach ideas that are everlasting.
- Evergreen ideas, which have lasted through many generations, are a major focus of a perennial curriculum.
- Perennial works are those considered as important and applicable today as they were when they were written and are often referred to as great books.
- Perennialism is a teacher-centered educational philosophy that focuses on everlasting ideas and universal truths learned from art, history, and literature.
- Educational perennialism also infrequently referred to as Universal Curriculum is a normative educational philosophy.
- Perennials believe that one should teach the things that are of everlasting pertinence to all people everywhere, and that the emphasis should be on principles, not facts.
- Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, rather than machines or techniques, and about liberal, rather than vocational, topics.
- Although perennialism may appear similar to essentialism, perennialism focuses first on personal development, while essentialism focuses first on essential skills.
- Essentialist curricula thus tend to be much more vocational and fact-based, and far less liberal and principle-based.
- Both philosophies are typically considered to be teacher-centered, as opposed to student-centered philosophies of education such as progressivism.
Hence, the correct answer is Perennialism.
