Correct Answer - Option 1 : negotiating meanings, taking turns and allowing others to take turns.
Speaking is a part of communication. Speaking assessment is equally important like the other skills as students have to present themselves orally in speaking assessment.
Cyril Weir (1993) has proposed a three-part framework to test spoken interaction:-
- operations
- performance conditions
- the expected level of performance.
The language routines that a learner uses can be broadly classified as informational and interactional.
Interactional routines:-
- Interactional routines subsume ordered sequences of turns as in telephone conversations, interviews, meetings, or conversations.
- This involves the reciprocal ability to use both receptive and productive skills, i.e. to negotiate to mean, rephrase in case of misunderstanding, take turns, allow others to take turns, etc.
- include the learner's knowledge of the kinds of turns typically occurring in interactional situations. Eventually, this does not necessarily mean knowing a text off by heart but just knowing what expectations and possibilities can be realized in a given situation
Informational routines:
- Information routines may be identified as either expository or evaluative. The principal types of expository routines are narration, description, and instruction. For example, narrative routines consist of essential components: setting; time; participants, and events
Thus, it is concluded that the 'interactional routine' during speaking assessment includes negotiating meaning, taking turns, and allowing others to take turns.
- While information routines take into account ways of presenting information (e.g. description, comparison, instructions, or narration). Comparing two objects/places/events for the assessor is information routine.
