Correct Answer - Option 2 : Educational curriculum
Social Mobility:
Mobility stands for a shift, change, and movement. The change may be of a place or from one position to another. Further, change is value-free i.e it cannot be said that change is for good or bad. When we prefix ‘social’ along with mobility it would imply that people or individuals occupying a social position move to another position or status.
Factors that contribute to social mobility:
1. Motivation: Each individual has a desire not only to have a better way of living but also wants to improve upon his social stand. In an open system, it is possible to achieve any status.
2. Achievements and Failures: The achievement here refers to extra ordinary, usually unexpected performance, which attracts the attention of a wider public to the abilities of a person. Not all achievements will result in social mobility. Achievements affect status only if they are remarkable.
3. Education: Education not only helps an individual to acquire knowledge but is also a passport for the occupational position for higher prestige.
4. Skills and Training: Each society makes provision to impart skill and training to the younger generation. To acquire skill and training one has to spend a lot of time as well as money.
5. Migration: Migration also facilitates social mobility. People migrate from one place to another either due to pull or push factors. A particular place may not have opportunities and facilities to improve upon. Hence, people are forced to migrate to other places to earn their livelihood.
6. Industrialization: Industrial Revolution ushered in a new social system in which people are given status according to their ability and training. No importance was given to their caste, race, religion, and ethnicity. Industrialization resulted in mass production at a cheaper rate. This forced the artisans out of their work. In search of jobs, they migrated to industrial towns.
Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.
