Question

Match the following :

A. Act Utilitarian Theory	1. John Locke
B. Rule Utilitarian Theory	2. Immanuel Kant
C. Duty Ethics Theory	3. Richard Brandt
D. The Rights Theory	4. J.S. Mill

Select the correct matching using the code given below  

1. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2
2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
3. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
4. A - 1, B - 2, C - 4, D - 3

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1

Utilitarianism has three essential elements:

• Whether an action is right or wrong is determined solely by its consequences.
• The value of the consequences of an action is assessed in terms of the amount of happiness or well-being caused.
• In assessing the total happiness caused to a number of people, equal amounts of happiness are to have equal value, no one person’s happiness having a greater value than another’s.

 

Act utilitarianism would say that an action is objectively right, if it actually promotes happiness.

For rule utilitarianism, in contrast, an action would be objectively right, if it actually corresponds to rules that promote happiness.

J.S. Mill was a naturalist, a utilitarian, and a liberal, whose work explores the consequences of a thoroughgoing empiricist outlook. He wrote on act utilitarianism. 

Richard Brandt wrote Ethical Theory (1959). He defended a version of rule utilitarianism in "Toward a credible form of utilitarianism" in 1963. 

John Locke wrote that all individuals are equal in the sense that they are born with certain "inalienable" natural rights.

That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are "life, liberty, and property. 

German philosopher Immanuel Kant's theory is based on the notion that:

"It is impossible to think of anything at all in the world, or indeed even beyond it, that could be considered good without limitation except a good will."