Question

Match the following two lists. Use the code given below :

List - I	List - II
I. Shabda	1. Sankhya
II. Prakriti	2. Jainism
III. Anekantavada	3. Buddhism
IV. Nirvana	4. Vedanta

1. I - 2, II - 3, III - 4, IV - 1
2. ​I - 1, II - 4, III - 3, IV - 2
3. ​I - 4, II - 1, III - 2, IV - 3
4. ​I - 3, II - 2, III - 1, IV - 4

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 3 : ​I - 4, II - 1, III - 2, IV - 3

The correct answer is I - 4, II - 1, III - 2, IV - 3.

• Sabda
  • It is an important source of knowledge.
  • Our experience shows that the major part of a person’s stock of knowledge about the world is acquired from the oral or written testimony of other persons.
  • The importance of testimony becomes obvious when we imagine a person deprived of all contact with other persons and books in which case he would simply be reduced to the level of a brute.
  • Testimony has been recognized as an independent source of knowledge by all Indian philosophers except the Carvaka.
  • The Vedas are revelations of super-sensible realities, which are beyond the range of perception and inference to inspired seers.
  • The Vedas are apaurusēya (impersonal) because they are not composed by any human person, and not even by God.
  • The Vedas embody the intuitions of enlightened seers.
• Prakriti 
  • Prakriti in the Samkhya system (darshan) of Indian philosophy, material nature in its germinal state, eternal and beyond perception.
  • When Prakriti (female) comes into contact with the spirit, Purusha (male), it starts on a process of evolution that leads through several stages to the creation of the existing material world. 
  • Prakriti is made up of three Gunas, which are the constituent cosmic factors that characterize all nature.
  • In the Samkhya view, only Prakriti is active, while the spirit is confined within it and only observes and experiences. 
• Anekantavada
  • It refers to the Jain doctrine about metaphysical truths that emerged in ancient India.
  • It states that the ultimate truth and reality are complex and have multiple aspects.
• Nirvana
  • It is a place of perfect peace and happiness, like heaven.
  • In Hinduism and Buddhism, nirvana is the highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment, meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away.
  • Nirvaṇa is a concept in Indian religions that represents the ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra.
  • In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti. 
• Hence, Option 3 is correct.