Correct Answer - Option 3 : Running ground
Explanation:
Running ground requires instant support throughout the excavation. Examples include dry sand, gravel, silt, mud, and water-bearing sand.
Method of tunneling in running ground
- Forepoling method
- Linear plate method
- Needle beam method
- American method
- English method
- Austrian method
- Belgian method
- Flying arch
Method of tunneling in hard rocks-
- Full face method
- Heading and bench method
- Pilot tunnel method
- Perimeter method of tunneling