Question

For a ductile material, toughness is a measure of
1. Resistance to scratching
2. Ability to absorb energy up to fracture
3. Ability to absorb energy till elastic limit
4. Resistance to indentation

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : Ability to absorb energy up to fracture

Explanation:

Various properties of a material are:

• Toughness is defined as the ability of the material to absorb energy before fracture takes place. This property is essential for machine components which are required to withstand impact loads. Tough materials have the ability to bend, twist or stretch before failure takes place.
• Hardness is defined as the resistance of a material to penetration or permanent deformation. It usually indicates resistance to abrasion, scratching, indentation, cutting or shaping. It is a surface phenomenon.
• Proof resilience is the quantity of strain energy stored in a body when strained up to the elastic limit (ability to store or absorb energy without permanent deformation).
• Ductility: The property of the material that allows it to be drawn into wires or elongated before failure is known as ductility.
• Malleability: Malleability is the property of a metal by which it can Be extended in any direction by hammering, rolling, etc. without causing a rupture. Lead is an example of a malleable metal. 
• Brittleness: The property of a material that produces fracture without any appreciable deformation is known as brittleness. It is opposite of toughness.
• Elasticity: It is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed.
• Tenacity: The tenacity of a metal is its ability to resist the effect of tensile forces without rupturing. Mild steel, Wrought Iron and copper are some examples of tenacious metals.