Correct Answer - Option 3 : Learning theory
Edward Thorndike is famous for his work on learning theory that leads to the development of operant conditioning with behaviourism. Thorndike state that learning is the result of the association between stimulus and response.
- According to him, learning is a phenomenon that grows on the association between one event to another which is called stimulus(S) with Respond (R), forming [S-R Bond].
-
Stimulus is a change of the external environment that becomes a sign to activate an organism to react and act.
-
Respond is behaviour that is raised by the stimulus.
- He propounded, "Trial and Error Theory", which represents that learning is the result of associations between a stimulus and response.
-
"Mistakes teaches individual" statement is based on 'Trial and Error Theory'.
- Based on Trial and Error Theory, Thorndike gives certain Laws of Learning.
-
Law of Readiness: It implies that one is not ready to learn something, they can not learn efficiently. Readiness come from interest, maturity, previous knowledge etc.
-
Law of Exercise: It directs to the amount of repetition. The principle of the law of exercise is a connection between condition and action which can be strong by doing exercise.
-
Law of Effect: It is one's natural tendency to learn that gives happiness and satisfaction.
Hence, it can be concluded that Edward Thorndike ( 1898 ) is famous for Learning Theory in Educational Psychology.
