1. Brain has the following divisions.
1. Fore brain – Cerebrum, diencephalon
2. Mid brain – Optic lobes.
3. Hind brain – Cerebellum, medulla.
2. Functions of the various parts of the brain.
| Parts of the brain |
Functions |
| Cerebrum |
i) Seat of mental abilities, controls thinking memory, reasoning, perception, emotions and speech.
ii) Interprets sensations and responds to cold, heat, pain and pressure. |
| Diencephalon |
i) Relay centre for sensory impulses, such as pain, temperature and light.
ii) Reflex centre for muscular activities.
iii) Centre for certain emotions such as anger.
iv) Centre for water balance, blood pressure, body temperature, sleep and hunger.
v) The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which functions as the master gland. |
| Mid brain |
i) It relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord and relays sensory impulses from the spinal cord to thalamus, reflexes for light and hearing. |
| Cerebellum |
i) Maintains posture, equilibrium and muscle tone. ii) Coordinates voluntary movements initiated by cerebrum. |
| Medulla oblongata |
i) Contains centre for cardiac, respiratory and vasomotor activities.
ii) Coordinate reflexes like swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting. |
