Correct Answer - Option 3 : Principle of uniform pattern
Development refers to an increase in structure for better and enhanced functioning of organs. It is a wide and continuous process, thus there are some principles that need to be followed for a better understanding of the concept.
Principle of uniform pattern:- Each child may have a different rate of development. However, the development of all human beings follows a similar pattern, similar sequence, or direction. Sequential pattern of development can be seen in two directions:
-
Cephalo-caudal sequence: means that development spreads over the body from head to foot i.e. individual begins to grow from head region downwards. Sufi first gained control of her head, then she could catch hold of objects, sit, crawl and later she could stand and walk.
-
Proximodistal sequence: means that the development proceeds from the central part of the body towards the peripheries. In this sequence, the spinal cord of the individual develops first, and then outward development takes place. For example, babies cut their front teeth before they cut their side ones. Functionally, Sufi could use her arms before her hands and use her hands before she could control the movement of her fingers.
Thus, it is concluded that“Human development goes on for a lifetime, although two people are not equal the order of development remains same in normal children."This statement points to the Principle of uniform pattern.
-
Principle of continuous development:- From the moment of conception till death the individual is continuously changing. There is no break/discontinuity in development, in some stages development is fast and in some it is slow.
-
Principle of interrelationship:- The growth and development in various dimensions like physical, mental, social, etc. are interrelated and interdependent.
-
Principle of general to specific responses:- In all the phases of prenatal (before birth) development and post-natal (after birth) life, the child’s responses are from general to specific. General activity proceeds to a specific activity.
