Correct Answer - Option 4 : Poisson ratio
Explanation:
Poisson's ratio (μ):
When a homogeneous material is loaded within its elastic limit (or limit of proportionality) the ratio of lateral strain to linear strain is constant and is known as Poisson's ratio.
\({\rm{μ }} = \dfrac{{{\rm{Lateral\;strain}}}}{{{\rm{Linear\;strain}}}}\)
Strain:
The ratio of change in dimension to the original dimension is called strain.
\({\rm{Strain}} = \frac{{{\rm{Change\;in\;dimension\;}}}}{{{\rm{Original\;dimension}}}}\)
It is a dimensionless quantity.
Linear strain:
When the strain is produced in the same direction as the load is applied it is known as linear strain.
\({\rm{Linear\;strain}} = \frac{{{\rm{\delta L}}}}{{\rm{L}}}\)
Lateral strain:
The strain at right angles to the direction of the applied load is known as lateral strain.
\({\rm{Lateral\;strain}} = \frac{{{\rm{\delta b}}}}{{\rm{b}}}{\rm{\;or\;}}\frac{{{\rm{\delta d}}}}{{\rm{d}}}\)
