Correct Answer - Option 2 : Alfred Binet
An Intelligence Test is an assessment that measures the range of intellectual, memory, speed, attention, reasoning abilities, and cognitive abilities. Generally, Intelligence tests are designed specifically to assess human intelligence through the performance of various tasks. Intelligence Quotient is the measure of a child's ability to reason and solve problems. IQ is correlated either directly or indirectly with problem-solving and educational performance.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) can be obtained by the equation (MA/CA) * 100 = IQ, where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age.
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Mental Age is the measure of the intellectual level at which an individual functions; for example, someone described as having a mental age of 8 years would be functioning at the level of an average 8 years old.
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Chronological Age is the number of years a person has been alive
IQ Rating Scale:
|
IQ RANGE
|
IQ CLASSIFICATION |
| 130 and above |
Very Superior |
| 120-129 |
Superior |
| 110-119 |
High Average |
| 90-109 |
Average |
| 80-89 |
Low Average |
| 70-79 |
Border Line |
| 69 and below |
Extremely Low |
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Intelligence tests are generally used to improve children's learning and abilities.
- There are different types of Intelligence tests like the Binet Intelligence Test, Wechsler Intelligence test, etc for children's assistance.
The first modern intelligence test was developed in 1904, by Alfred Binet (1857-1911). He was one of the most influential psychologists in history. He designed series of questions with the objectives to distinguish children who may have learning disabilities and mental retardation. His test was based on assumption that intelligence developed with age. Binet concentrated on mental abilities such as attention and memory, it may be used to identify children who needed additional academic assistance. Binet worked with his research assistance 'Simon' and introduced intelligence test , known as Binet-Simon Intelligence scale. The test consists of 30 different questions or tasks and the goal of the task was to assign a child a mental age based upon the average performance of children at each age.
Hence, the first intelligence test was developed by Alfred Binet.
- The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February 1955 by David Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale, released in 1939. The WAIS Test has the following test items they are Vocabulary, Information, Arithmetic, Comprehension, Similarities and Digit Span.
- Charles Spearman (1863-1945), an English psychologist and the originator of factor analysis was the first to claim that intelligence consists of general ‘g’ factor and specific ‘s’ factors. His theory is known as ‘Two Factor Theory’(1904). He did not give the intelligence test.
- Sternberg (1988) formulated the ‘Triarchic theory of intelligence’ which theorizes that there are three types of intelligence such as:
- Componential or analytical intelligence
- Experiential or creative intelligence
- Contextual or practical intelligence
