Correct Answer - Option 3 : Biological
Lev Vygotsky', a Soviet psychologist, has propounded the "Socio-cultural Theory". This theory implies the idea that social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of a learner's cognitive ability.
- According to Vygotsky, social interaction is the primary cause of cognitive development as his theory emphasizes that children learn through interaction and collaboration with skilled and knowledgeable people.
- In fact, as per Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective, interaction with adults and abler peers is influence language development.
- He believed that children gain knowledge through social and cultural experiences. When the child is having interactions with peers and adults, they learn the values, beliefs, customs and language of their culture. As per his sociocultural theory, development takes place due to the intermingling of culture, social interaction (which has three components explained below), and language.
Language:
- Vygotsky believed that since language differs across cultures and communities, thinking/ Cognitive Development cognition also differs.
- Language is not only needed for interaction with others, it is an important aspect of the development of mental processes in the socio-cultural milieu.
- With children from diverse linguistic backgrounds in a class, it becomes important for a teacher to understand ways in which children gradually transit to the second language
Socio-cultural
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Culture is the main determinant of cognitive development and learning. It plays a significant role in human intellectual development and how humans perceive the world.
- Vygotsky believes that social and cultural (language, customs, and practices, family, work, etc.) processes are important in the process of development. They say that children continuously learn in everyday engagements with peers and adults. And thinking and knowledge developed in this process of learning. This view of development is known as a socio-cultural perspective or social constructivism.
Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that in Vygotsky's theory biological aspect of development gets neglected.
