Correct Answer - Option 4 : Principle of including all activities
Herbert Spencer put forth the idea of "education for complete living". This aim virtually tries to put all the aims of education into one. He believed that education to be a preparation and training for a complete life.
A curriculum is a formal plan of educational experiences and activities offered to a learner under the guidance of an educational institution. It is more structured in schools and more flexible in higher education.
Principle of curriculum development: The curriculum has to change by the change in social class relationships due to industrial growth, scientific process, and social advancement.
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The principle of correlation: The curriculum is related to the aims and objectives of society. The aims and objectives of the people in a society have to be fulfilled through the experiences provided. These experiences are planned and spelled out in the curriculum.
- The different stages involved in the curriculum process viz., objectives, content experiences, organization, and evaluation makes the curriculum scientific process
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Principle of including all the activities: The curriculum is a broad and comprehensive process. The curriculum is much more than classroom instruction. It is not confined to the four walls of the classroom. It should be a focus on the overall development of the student. All the experiences provided during the course both inside and outside the institution are included in the curriculum.
- The curriculum cannot be allowed to remain fixed or static. Changing conditions in social life make it necessary for a curriculum to be in a continuous state of evolving
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Principle of Flexibility: The curriculum should be flexible to serve the educational objectives of curriculum Development of the nation and suitable for the needs of the learners at every stage. Any adult education attempt to force uncongenial activities is found to lead to frustration in learners. It should make provision for freedom for learners to choose a course, subjector program of their choice
- Relevance: As society and the social needs change from time to time, the curriculum should reflect the changing patterns of daily life, with the change in social strata due to industrial growth, scientific process, and social advancement
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The principle of future orientation: Learning should be closely linked with the specific life situations which confront the learner groups and should motivate them towards taking concrete and practical steps to lessen the strain under which they live and work. s
Hence, we can conclude that Herbert Spencer's statement that education should aim at complete development relates to the principle of including all activities of curriculum development.
