Question

Which constitutes a major part of Antarctica vegetation?
1. Shrubs
2. Mosses
3. Grasses
4. Lichens

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : Lichens

The correct option is Lichens

Explanation:

• In Tundra regions like Antarctica, tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons
• Mosses, sedges, and lichens are common types of Vegetation of Antarctica, in which major participant is Lichens.

Lichens: 

• Lichens are symbiotic associations i.e. mutually useful associations, between algae and fungi. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.
• Lichens are well known as sensitive indicators of air pollution, particularly for sulfur dioxide. 
• Lichens are widely used as environmental indicators or bio-indicators.
• If air is very badly polluted with sulfur dioxide there may be no lichens present, just green algae may be found. If the air is clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant. 

Mosses

• Mosses are non-vascular plants (not transporting water and minerals within) and produce spores for reproduction. 
• They don't grow any flowers.
• They are found in the tundra region. 
• There are approximately 14,500 species of moss in the world which makes 75% of all bryophyte species.