Correct Answer - Option 2 : Badhit-vishaya
In Indian logic, a fallacy is technically called hetvabhasa, a word that means hetu or reason that appears as a valid reason but is not.
Badhit Vishaya:
- The fallacy gets contradicted by a stronger source
- It directly prevents inference
- Here the reason gets contradicted by factual perception/pramans
- The warmness of fire gets disapproved by perception
Therefore option 2 is the correct answer.
Viruddha (the contradictory middle):
- It is the one which disproves the very proposition which it is meant to prove. This happens when the ostensible middle term, instead of proving the existence of the major in the minor, which is intended by it, proves its nonexistence therein. The distinction between the savyabhicara and the viruddha is that while the former only fails to prove the conclusion, the latter disproves it or proves the contradictory proposition.
Satpratipaksa (the inferentially contradicted middle):
- This fallacy arises when the middle term of inference is validly contradicted by some other middle term which proves the non-existence of the major term of the first inference.
