Correct Answer - Option 4 : Quartz
Piezoelectric materials are materials that can produce electricity due to mechanical stress, such as compression. These materials can also deform when a voltage is applied.
All piezoelectric materials are non-conductive for the piezoelectric effect to occur and work. They can be separated into two groups:
1) Crystals
2) Ceramics
Some examples of piezoelectric materials are PZT (also known as lead zirconate titanate), barium titanate, and lithium niobate.
These man-made materials have a more pronounced effect than quartz and other natural piezoelectric materials.
The deformation of the crystal on the application of pressure which causes charge separation within the crystal is the cause of the piezoelectric effect. Which is similar to Quartz properties.
- The piezoelectric effect is generally carried out in crystal oscillators, crystal filters, production and detection of sound, piezoelectric inkjet printing, generation of high voltages, electronic frequency generation, microbalances, to drive an ultrasonic nozzle, and ultrafine focusing of optical assemblies.
- On the application of a force resulting in the deformation of the crystal, the charges on the crystal will tend to separate such that one end will be positively charged and the other end of the crystal will be negatively charged.
- If the crystals are oriented accordingly, we can cause efficient charge separation which can be tapped by connecting the arrangement through a closed circuit and this will thus cause a flow of current through the circuit.
