Question

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Genes contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism.

2. DNA’s molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. 

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 3 : Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

Genome:

• A genome is all the genetic matter in an organism.
  • It is defined as an organism’s complete set of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA), including all of its genes.
• Genes contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • Genes are the unit of inheritance.
• Genes that code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene. 
• Every organism’s genetic code is contained in its DNA, the building blocks of life.
• Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.

DNA:

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary complex molecule present in humans and almost all other organisms.
• Nearly every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the full set of DNA required for that organism.
• Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.
• The two strands are called polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides.
• Each nucleotide is composed of one of four chemical bases: cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), thymine (T).
• It also has a sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. These nucleotides create proteins that are needed for the cell.
• Although 99.9% of human DNA sequences are the same in every person, some of the DNA is unique that makes it possible to distinguish one individual from another.
• DNA can be extracted from the saliva, hair, blood samples, any small amount of the muscles or tissues of a person, nail scraping.
• DNA’s molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Hence statement 2 is correct.
  • They won the Nobel prize for the same in 1962.