Correct Answer - Option 2 : is constructed by the students themselves who play an active role
Children's knowledge often involves systematic errors and misconceptions. Constructivism alone accounts for their formation. The formation of personal constructs, misconceptions, and errors will become obvious to you.
Constructivist theory is compatible with the interactional and cultural emphasis of theorists like Vygotsky and Piaget.
- According to the great psychologist Piaget's theory that learning and cognitive development in terms of structures like individual schema and mental processes like organization and adaptation (assimilation and accommodation).
- The learner with the help of these structures and processes constructs knowledge himself/herself. So the learner through active is alone in this process of knowledge construction.
- In the words of Piaget (1980) himself " Education, for most people, means trying to lead the child to resemble the typical adult of his society (whereas) for me, education means making creators, even if there aren't many of them, even if one's creations are limited by comparison with those of others."
- Social constructivism regards knowledge as a social construct and prioritizes the social aspects of learning and cognitive development. Some of these social aspects are language, culture, everyday practices, material objects, interpersonal interaction, peer interaction, tools, and symbols.
Hence, we can conclude that In a constructivist classroom as envisioned by Piaget and Vygotsky, learning is constructed by the students themselves who play an active role.
