Since 1966 modern agriculture emerged in India. Modern agriculture uses modern inputs like hybrid seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, new machines of agriculture, irrigation, etc. Due to use of these modern inputs agricultural production increases extensively.
1. Green Revolution: Use of new technology of agriculture started from the year 1960-61 at seven districts of India as ‘pilot project’, which is known as ‘Intense Agricultural District Programme’ (IADP).
- Because of wonderful success of IADP with passing of time, it was applied to whole nation. This was known as ‘High Yielding Varieties Programme’ (HYVP). It is also known as ‘Green Revolution’.
- Green Revolution is also known as ‘Modern Agricultural Technology Programme’ or ‘Programme of seeds, fertilisers and water technology’.
2. Multiple Cropping: Multiple cropping shows the nature of agriculture work. Normally two types of crops are seen:
- Food grains: wheat, rice, bajara, juvar, maize, pulses, etc. and
- Non-food grains – Cash crops: Groundnut, sesame, castor, soya bean, linseed, sunflower, sugar cane, rubber, cotton, jute, etc.
Reasons for multiple cropping:
- Technological reasons: Improved seeds, fertilisers, capital, credit facilities, etc.
- Economic Reasons: To maximise price and income, agricultural instruments, size of farm, protection of insurance, tenure, etc.
3. Crop Protection: Agriculture productivity should increase with the use of pesticides to protect the crop.
- Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC) is appointed to inform Indian farmers about various types of pesticides and its level of poison.
- The information about quantity of pesticides, time of usage and level of poison should be spread among farmers and pesticides should be made more effective to increase agricultural productivity.
4. Agriculture Research: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) manages agricultural researches.
- ICAR is spreading awareness of horticulture, Ushering and cattle rearing science.
- ICAR has done pioneer work for expansion of green revolution.
