(a) Unity of Direction:
Through coordinated and focused efforts, all the departments of a business organisation should aim at achieving common objectives. Each group of tasks having the same objective must have a single head and a single plan in order to ensure unity of action and coordination. For example, if a company is involved in the manufacturing of motorcycles as well as cars then it should have two separate divisions for each one of them. Each division should have its own in-charge, plans and resources to execute them. There should not be any overlapping in the functioning of the two divisions whatsoever.
(b) Equity:
Fayol says that, “Good sense and experience are needed to ensure fairness to all employees, who should be treated as fairly as possible”. This principle suggests kindliness and justice in the behaviour of managers towards workers as this will ensure loyalty and devotion. However, Fayol does not rule out the use of force at times, rather he suggests that lazy employees should be dealt with strictness in order to deliver the message that everyone is equal in the eyes of the management. No discrimination should be done against anyone on account of sex, religion, language, caste, belief or nationality etc. In present-day multinational corporations, people from various nationalities can be seen working together in an environment free from all types of discrimination. Such organizations provide equal opportunities for everyone to rise and flourish.
(c) Espirit De Corps:
Fayol suggests that die management should provide encouragement to the team spirit of unity and harmony among the employees. This is exclusively applicable in large organizations, where it would be extremely difficult to fulfill the objectives in the absence of team spirit. Along with this, it will also result in a loss of coordination. A manager should replace T with We’ in all his conversations with his co-workers in order to promote team spirit. This will minimize the need of giving penalties and also give rise to a spirit of mutual trust and belongingness among the employees.
(d) Order:
Fayol believes that, “People and materials must be in suitable places at appropriate time for maximum efficiency. “According to the principle of order, “A place for everything (everyone) and everything (everyone) in its (her/his) place”. In brief, it means orderliness. There will be no obstacles in the functioning of a business/ factory, if there is a fixed place for everything and everything is present at its place. This will also result into increase in productivity and efficiency.
