Evaporation :
This method can be used to separate a volatile component (solvent) from a non-volatile component (solute) of a mixture.
e.g. Common salt from sea water can be separated by this method.
Centrifugation :
Two components having difference in densities can be separated by centrifugation.
This method is based on the principle that the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at the top, when spin rapidly.
It is used in washing machine to squeeze out water from wet clothes.
Chromatography :
Chromatography is the technique used for the separation of those solute that dissolve in the same solvent.
The separation of different components of a mixture depends upon their different solubilities in the same solvent.
e.g. Separation of dyes present in ink by paper chromatography, pigments from natural colours.
Distillation :
If liquids in a mixture are miscible, boil without decomposition and posses different boiling points, then they can be separated by distillation.
Distillation is used only, if the liquids have difference in bolling points of more than 25 K.
Fractional Distillation : To separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25 K, fractional distillation process is used.
e.g. Separation of different gases from air and separation of diesel from petrol.
Crystallisation : Crystallisation is a process that separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a solution.
e.g. Crystallisation is used to purification of salt obtained from sea water.
