In living world, there is very high biodiversity between various living organisms, i.e. diversity in size, appearance, colour, internal structure, mode of nutrition, etc.
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the identification, nomenclature and systematic classification of an organism for simplified study of all living organisms.
Classification is the arrangement of category or taxa in an order with the purpose of cataloguing and expressing relationship between these taxa.
Aristotle classified animals on the basis of habitat for the first time.
There are total seven basic taxonomic catagories, which are as follows :
Carolus Linnaeus the Father of Taxonomy, proposed a system of bionomial nomenclature for giving specific scientific names to each living organism in his book, Systema Naturae (1758) and Species Plantarum (1753). He made this contribution in order to avoid confusion of various common names of the same organism.
According to this system, the first name is genus name and second name is species name, e.g. human's scientific name is Homo sapiens, in which Homo is genus and sapiens is species.
Biological names are printed in italics. When handwritten, both words are underlined separately.
The genus name starts with the capital letter while, species name is always with small letter.
