The interests of working and poor people have historically been neglected in the planning of our cities. Our cities are increasingly intolerant, unsafe and unlivable places for large numbers of citizens and yet we continue to plan via the old ways-the static Development Plant- that draws exclusively from technical expertise, distanced from people's live experiences and needs, and actively excluding large number of people, places, activities and practices that are an integral part of the city.
The passage seems to argue
(a) against the monopoly of builders and the interests of elite groups.
(b) against the need for global and smart cities.
(c) in favour of planning cities mainly for working class and poor people.
(d) in favour of participation of peoples' groups in city planning.
