True or false

Question

1. In the renal vascular system:

a. Glomerular capillary pressure is the same as the arterial diastolic blood pressure

 b. Autoregulation is not disturbed in neuroectomized kidneys

c. Oncotic pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries than in non-renal ones

d. Autoregulation of renal blood flow is maintained over a B.P range of 40- 220mmHg

2. Proteinuria:

 a. In health one normally never there is no protein in the urine

b. Proteinuria up to 100mg/d is always pathological

c. Orthostatic proteinuria may cause the loss of 500mg albumin per day d. Most protein in the urine comes from glycoproteins of the renal tubular cells

3. Concerning the arterioles of the kidney:

 a. The diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles is synchronously adjusted to maintain the glomerular filtration rate

 b. The diameter is controlled by the solute load in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop

 c. Myocytes of efferent arterioles are dependent of vasoactive meta bolites

d. Myogenic response to pressure change is abolished if myocytes are poisoned

4.Concerning filtered solutes:

 a. All filtered K is normally reabsorbed in the PCT

b. Significant amounts of Ca are reabsorbed in parts of the nephron other than the PCT

c. Urea is reabsorbed actively in the nephron Most hydrogen ions are secreted in the distal parts of the nephron

Answer 1

Let's go through each statement and determine if it's true or false:

1. In the renal vascular system:

a. False : Glomerular capillary pressure is not the same as the arterial diastolic blood pressure.

b. False : Autoregulation can be disturbed in neuroectomized kidneys.

c. False : Oncotic pressure is higher in non-renal capillaries than in glomerular capillaries.

d. True : Autoregulation of renal blood flow is maintained over a range of blood pressure, typically around 80-180 mmHg.

2. Proteinuria:

a. False : Trace amounts of protein may be present in the urine in normal health, but significant proteinuria is usually abnormal.

b. False : Proteinuria up to a certain threshold (usually 150 mg/d) can be considered within the normal range.

c. False : Orthostatic proteinuria is typically not associated with such a high albumin loss.

d. False : Most proteins in the urine come from the filtration of plasma proteins.

3. Concerning the arterioles of the kidney:

a. True : The diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles is adjusted to maintain the glomerular filtration rate.

b. False : The diameter is primarily controlled by various vasoactive substances, not solute load in the thick ascending limb.

c. True : Myocytes of efferent arterioles are dependent on vasoactive metabolites.

d. False : Myogenic response to pressure change can still occur if myocytes are poisoned, although it may be altered.

4. Concerning filtered solutes:

a. False : Some potassium is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), but not all of it.

b. True : Significant amounts of calcium are reabsorbed in various parts of the nephron, not just the PCT.

c. False : Urea is reabsorbed passively in the nephron, not actively.

d. True : Most hydrogen ions are secreted in the distal parts of the nephron, particularly the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.