Question

NCERT Solutions Class 9, Social Science, Geography, Chapter- 2, Physical Features of India.

For a comprehensive understanding of this chapter and effective preparation for CBSE exams and competitive exams, students are encouraged to refer to NCERT Solutions. These solutions, crafted by subject matter experts, the fundamentals of Geography, we are mainly focused on Indian Geography part. In the whole book, we will learn about the natural features of India such as its physical features, natural vegetation, drainage system and much more, so that we can improve it. This study material is meticulously structured to align with the latest CBSE syllabus.

In these NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, we have discussed all types of NCERT intext questions, exercise questions as well as multiple choice type questions.

Concepts covered in Class 9 Social Science Geography chapter- 2 Physical Features of India, are :

MAJOR PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plain
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Deser
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

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Answer 1

NCERT Solutions Class 9, Social Science, Geography, Chapter- 2, Physical Features of India.

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as

(a) Coast (c) Peninsula (b) Island (d) None of the above

The correct option is : (c) Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called

(a) Himachal (c) Purvachal (b) Uttarakhand (d) None of the above

The correct option is : (c) Purvachal

(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as

(a) Coromandel (c) Kannad (b) Konkan (d) Northern Circar

The correct option is : (c) Kannad

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is

(a) Anai Mudi (c) Mahendragiri (b) Kanchenjunga (d) Khasi

The correct option is : (c) Mahendragiri

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What is the bhabar?

Solution:

The bhabhar is that part of the Northern Plains where the rivers, after descending from the mountains, deposit pebbles. It is a narrow belt, having a width of about 8 to 16 km and lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks.

(ii) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.

Solution:

The Great or the Inner Himalayas or the Himadri, the Middle Himalayas or the Himachal, and the Outer Himalayas or the Shivaliks.

(iii) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?

Solution:

Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges.

(iv) Name the island group of India having coral origin.

Solution:

Lakshadweep Islands are composed of small coral islands.

3. Distinguish between

(i) Bhangar and Khadar

Solution:

Bhangar	Khadar
These are the older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains.	The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains. Renewed every Year.
Presents a terrace like feature.	Contains calcerous deposits locally known as Kankar.
Less fertile	More fertile

(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

Solution:

Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
Mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau	Mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau
Continuous, can be crossed through the passes only.	Discontinuous, irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.
Higher; average elevation is 900−1600 meters	Lower; average elevation is 600 meters
It experiences orographic rain mostly in summer due to the summer monsoons. The climate is hot and moist.	It receives rain mostly in winter through North-eastern monsoon. However, here the rain is lesser than the western strip.
Soil is highly fertile. Rice, spices, rubber and fruits like coconuts, cashew nuts etc. are grown	Soil is not as fertile as western ghats. Rice, ground nuts, cotton, tobacco, coconuts etc. are grown

Answer 2

4. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.

Solution:

The major physiography divisions of India are :
(i) The Himalayan Mountains
(ii) The Northern Plains
(iii) The Peninsular Plateau
(iv) The Indian Desert
(v) The Coastal Plains
(vi) The Islands

Himalayan region	Peninsular plateau
Young fold mountains made from the uplift of the strata formed by the sedimentary rocks.	Ancient landmass created after splitting of Gondwanaland.
Consists of the loftiest mountains and deep valleys	Consists of broad and shallow valleys, and rounded hills
Composed of sedimentary rocks.	Composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
It is the origin of perennial rivers.	It has rainfed, seasonal rivers.
From the point of view of geology, this region forms an unstable zone	This region forms a stable zone

5. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.

Solution:

The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. This plain is formed of alluvial soil which is suitable for agriculture. It spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The plain is a densely populated physiographic division. The Northern Plain is broadly divided into three sections, Punjab Plains, Ganga Plains and Brahpmputra plains. According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions. Bhabar, a narrow belt of pebbles which lie at the foot of Shivaliks. Terai, lie next to Bhabar which a wet and marshy area with wildlife and forests. Bhangar is made up of older alluvium plain which rises above the level of the flood plains. Khadar is a younger alluvium of the flood plains.

6. Write short notes on the following.

(i) The Indian Desert

Solution:

The Indian desest lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year. It has arid climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea. Luni is the only large river in this region. Barchans (crescent-shaped dunes) cover larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more promiment near the Indo-Pakistan boundary.

(ii) The Central Highlands

Solution:

The Peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest. The further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan.

The flow of the rivers draining this region, namely the Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken is from southwest to northeast, thus indicating the slope. The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river.

(iii) The Island groups of India

Solution:

This group of islands is composed of small coral islands. Earlier they were known as Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive. In 1973 these were named as Lakshadweep. It covers small area of 32 sq km. Kavaratti island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep.

This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna. The Pitli Island, which is uninhabited, has a bird sanctuary. An elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south. These are Andaman and Nicobar islands. They are bigger in size and are more numerous and scattered. The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories – The Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. These island groups are of great starategic importance for the country. There is great diversity of flora and fauna in this group of islands too. These islands lie close to the equator and experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.

Answer 3

MAP SKILLS

On an outline map of India show the following.

(i) Mountain and hill ranges – the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jaintia, the Vindhya range, the Aravali, and the Cardamom hills.

(ii) Peaks – K2, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and the Anai Mudi.

(iii) Plateaus, Chotanagpur and Malwa

(iv) The Indian Desert, Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands

Solution: