Based on the information provided:
X = Cobalt (Co)
Reasoning:
1. Cobalt is an essential trace element for humans and is present in Vitamin B12 (cobalamin).
2. Cobalt's magnetic properties are similar to iron (Y), an important constituent of hemoglobin.
3. Werner's synthesis of CoCl3.6NH3 compounds matches cobalt's coordination chemistry.
Z1, Z2, Z3:
1. Z1 (yellow) = [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride)
2. Z2 (purple) = [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (pentamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride)
3. Z3 (green) = [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl (tetrammine-dichlorocobalt(III) chloride)
Reaction with AgNO3:
1. Z1 gives 3 moles of AgCl (all 3 Cl- ions are ionic)
2. Z2 gives 2 moles of AgCl (2 Cl- ions are ionic)
3. Z3 gives 1 mole of AgCl (1 Cl- ion is ionic)
H1, H2:
1. H1 = Octahedral (Oh) hybridization (d2sp3)
2. H2 = Octahedral (Oh) hybridization with weak field ligands (sp3d2)
Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE):
1. [Co(NH3)6]3+ (diamagnetic, Oh):
CFSE = -1.7 Δo (for 6 electrons in t2g orbitals)
= -1.7 × 12,000 cm-1 ≈ -20,400 cm-1
1. [CoF6]3- (paramagnetic, Oh):
CFSE = -0.8 Δo (for 4 electrons in t2g orbitals and 2 electrons in eg orbitals)
= -0.8 × 12,000 cm-1 ≈ -9,600 cm-1
Y = Iron (Fe)
Reasoning:
1. Iron is a key constituent of hemoglobin.
2. Iron's magnetic properties are similar to cobalt.
Please let me know if you'd like further clarification.
