Question

NCERT Solutions Class 11, Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-2, Map Scale

Gaining a comprehensive understanding of Class 11 Geography is essential for success in board and competitive exams, with NCERT Solutions being a key resource. Developed by professionals, these solutions highlight crucial chapter themes and are in line with the CBSE curriculum, providing vital assistance for your educational efforts.

In these NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography, we have discussed all types of NCERT intext questions and exercise questions.

Concepts covered in Class 11 Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-2 Map Scale, are-

• Methods of Scale
• Statement of Scale
• Graphical or Bar Scale
• Representative Fraction ( R. F. )
• Conversion of Scale
• Statement of Scale into R. F
• R. F. into Statement of Scale
• Construction of the Graphical/Bar Scale

Our NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography offer detailed explanations to assist you with homework and assignments. By mastering the concepts in each chapter through these solutions, you'll be well-prepared to achieve top marks in your exams. Start your journey to academic success today!

Easily access all solutions and practice questions to enhance your study habits and prepare effectively for success in your academics.

Answer 1

NCERT Solutions Class 11, Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-2, Map Scale

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:

(i) Which one of the following methods of scale is universal method?

(a) Simple Statement

(b) Representative Fraction

(c) Graphical Scale

(d) None of the above

Solution:

(b) Representative Fraction

(ii) Map distance in a scale is also known as:

(a) Numerator

(b) Denominator

(c) Statement of Scale

(d) Representative Fraction

Solution:

(a) Numerator

(iii) ‘Numerator’ in scale represents:

(a) Ground distance

(b) Map distance

(c) Both the distance

(d) None of the above

(b) Map distance

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) What are the two different systems of measurement?

Solution:

The two different systems of measurement are: Metric and British.

(ii) Give one example each of statement of scale in Metric and English system.

Solution:

System of Measurement

1 km = 1000 Metres

1 Metre = 100 Centimetres

1 Centimetre = 10 Millimetres

English System of Measurement

1 Mile = 8 Furlongs

1 Furlong = 220 Yards

1 Yard = 3 feet

1 Foot = 12 Inches.

(iii) Why is the Representative Fraction method called a Universal method?

Solution:

It shows the relationship between the map distance and the corresponding ground distance in units of length. The use of units to express the scale makes it the most versatile method. It may, however, be noted that while converting the fraction of units into Metric or English systems, units in centimetre or inch are normally used by convention. This quality of expressing scale in units in R.F. makes it a universally acceptable and usable method.

(iv) What are the major advantages of the graphical method?

Solution:

Following points show the advantages of the graphical method:

(a) It can express scale not only in kilometres and metres but the readings may also be shown in miles and furlongs.

(b) The graphical scale stands valid even when the map is reduced or enlarged. This is the unique advantage of the graphical method of the map scale.

3. Convert the given Statement of Scale into Representative Fraction (R. F.).

(i) 5 cm represents 10 km

(ii) 2 inches represents 4 miles

(iii) 1 inch represents 1 yard

(iv) 1 cm represents 100 metres

Solution:

(i) Representative Fraction = \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance of Ground}}\)

Distance on Map = 5 cm

Distance on Ground = 10 km

\(\therefore \) Representative Fraction = \(\frac 5 {10} = \frac 12\) or 2,00,000 cm

Therefore representative fraction = 1 : 2,00,000 cm

(ii) Representative Fraction = \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance of Ground}}\)

2 inches = 4 miles

Therefore, 1 inch = 2 miles (63,360 × 2)

1 inch on map = 1, 26,720 inches on ground.

Therefore representative fraction = 1 : 1, 26, 720

(iii) Representative Fraction = \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance of Ground}}\)

Distance on Map =1 inch

Distance on Ground = 1 yard

1 yard = 36 inches

Representative Fraction = \(\frac 1{36}\)

Therefore representative fraction = 1 : 36

(iv) Representative Fraction = \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance of Ground}}\)

Distance on Map = 1 cm

Distance on Ground = 100 meters

1 cm = 100 meters

Representative Fraction = \(\frac 1{10,000}\)

Therefore representative fraction = 1 : 10,000

 4. Convert the given Representative Fraction (R F.) into Statement of Scale in the System of Measurement shown in parentheses: 

(i) 1:1,00,000 (into km)

(ii) 1:31680 (into furlongs)

(iii) 1:126,720 (into miles)

(iv) 1:50,000 (into metres)

Solution:

(i) It means 1,00,000 cm on map represents 1 km on ground.

It means 1,00,000 centimetre on map represents 1,00,000 cm on ground. 

Therefore, 1 cm represents 1 km.

(ii) 1 inch represents 31,680 inches

1 mile = 8 furlongs

1 furlong = 220 yards

1 yard = 3 feet

1 foot = 12 inches

Therefore, 31680 inches = 31680 divided by 12 × 3 × 220 furlongs = 4 furlongs

Therefore, 31680 inches = 4 furlongs

(iii) 1 inch represents 1,26,720 inches

1 mile = 63,360 inches

Therefore, 1,26,720 inches = 2 miles

Hence, 1 inch represents 2 miles.

(iv) 1 cm represents = 50,000 cm

1 metre = 100 cm

Therefore, 1 cm represents 500 metres.

5. Construct a graphical scale when the given R. F. is 1 : 50,000 and read the distances in kilometre and metre.

Solution:

According to a standard, generally a length of 15 cm is taken to draw a graphical scale. 1 : 50,000 means that 1 cm on map shows 50,000 cm on ground. In other words, 1 cm shows 50,000 cm.

15 cm shows 50,000 × \(\frac {15}{1,00,000}\)

15 cm = 7.5 km

Since 7.5 km is not an integer, so we can round it off to 5 or 10. Let us round it off to 5 km. 

Therefore, we need to make following calculations to express the scale on a length of 5km.

7.5 km is shown by 15 cm line.

Therefore, for 5 km we can express it as \(15 \times \frac5{7.5}\)

0.5 km will be shown by 1 cm on line.

We can make the graph by following steps:

First of all draw a 10 cm line and divide it in 5 important parts. Except one part from the left, let us give all parts a distance of one km. Now divide the first part in 10 equal parts and each part will be equal to 100 metres. We can divide it in five parts as well and taking one part as 200 metre and so on.

Answer 2

More Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following methods of scale remain unaffected on reducing the size of the map proportionally?

(а) By Scale Statement
(b) By representative Fraction
(c) By graphical or bar scale
(d) None of the above

Solution:

(c) By graphical or bar scale

2. Which of the following is an example of representative fraction?

(a) Centimetre
(b) Metre
(c) Inch
(d) None of the above

Solution:

(d) None of the above

3. When the scale of a map is expressed in a written statement, it is called:

(a) Statement of Scale
(b) Graphical Method
(c) Representative fraction
(d) Conversion of scale

Solution:

(a) Statement of Scale

4. Map distances and the corresponding ground distances using a line bar with primary and secondary divisions marked on it. This is referred to as what?

(a) Statement of Scale
(b) Graphical Method
(c) Representative fraction
(d) Conversion of scale

Solution:

(b) Graphical Method

5. When scale is represented as a ratio distance on map and distance on ground, it is called:

(a) Statement of Scale
(b) Graphical Method
(c) Representative fraction
(d) Conversion of scale

Solution:

(c) Representative fraction

6. What is the formula for representative Fraction?

(a) \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance on ground}}\)

(b) \(\frac{\text{Distance on ground}}{\text{Distance of Map}}\)

(c) \(\frac{\text{Distance of km}}{\text{Distance on furlongs}}\)

(d) \(\frac{\text{Distance of places}}{\text{Distance on ground}}\) 

Solution:

(a) \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance on ground}}\)

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are different methods of showing scale on a map?

Solution:

There are three methods of presenting scale:

1. By scale statement
2. by graphical or bar scale and
3. by representative fraction.

2. What is the scale?

Solution:

The ratio between the distances of two points on the map, plan or photograph and the actual distance between the same two points on the ground is called scale.

3. What is a representative fraction?

Solution:

Representative Fraction is a method of scale of a map or plan expressed as a fraction showing the ratio between a unit distance on the map or plan, and the distance measured in the same units on the ground.

4. What are advantages of representative fraction?

Solution:

Representative fraction can be used in all countries whether we are acquainted with their unit system or not. Therefore, it is also called universal method of scale.

5. Explain about the importance of scale.

Solution:

A map scale provides the relationship between the map and the whole or a part of the earth’s surface shown on it. We can also express this relationship as a ratio of distances between two points on the map and the corresponding distance between the same two points on the ground.

6. What is the unit in representative fraction?

Solution:

There is no unit in representative fraction. It is only the ratio of distance on map and distance on ground.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is the utility of scale in a map?

Solution:

A map scale provides the relationship between the map and the whole or a part of the earth’s surface shown on it. We can also express this relationship as a ratio of distances between two points on the map and the corresponding distance between the same two points on the ground.

1. Scale of a map determines whether it can reflect minor details on it. For example to locate Palam Vihar in Gurgaon if we locate it on world map, it will be of no use. It is better to use a map of Gurgaon to locate Palam Vihar on it.
2. On the basis of scale, maps are classified into small-scale maps and large-scale maps.

2. What factors must be kept in mind while selecting scale?

Solution:

We must consider following aspects while selecting scale:

• Purpose of map: If map is being drawn to study the minor details then we should make use of large scale maps and if it is to show physical features or large areas, we can use small scale maps as well. For example scale of a map of a house will be larger than map of a country.
• Space Available: Scale is also affected by availability of space for drawing maps.

3. Difference between Representative Fraction and Graphical Scale.

Solution:

Basis	Representative Fraction	Graphical Scale
Meaning	It is a method of scale of a map or plan expressed as a fraction showing the ratio between a unit distance on the map or plan, and the distance measured in the same units on the ground.	It shows map distances and the corresponding ground distances using a line bar with primary and secondary divisions marked on it.
Impact	It gets affected by changing the size of maps.	It is not affected by changing the size of maps proportionally.
Unit	It has no unit.	It has a unit.

4. What are limitations of representative fraction?

Solution:

There are many limitations of representative fraction method. These are as follows:

• This method is only a fraction. It does not make use of any measurement system. Therefore it cannot be used to measure the direct distance between two places.
• Whenever maps are changed using computers, these fractions get changed.
• It is not easy to understand method for a layman.

5. In a scale statement it is mentioned that 1 inch represents four miles. Express it in representative fraction.

Solution:

1 inch on map represents 4 miles on ground.

Or 1 inch = 4 x 63360 ( 1 mile = 63360 inches)

1 inch = 2,53,440 inches.

Therefore 1 inch on map represents a distance of 2,53,440 inches on ground. In other words, 1 unit on map represents 2,53,440 units on ground.

Therefore, Representative fraction = \(\frac{\text{Distance of Map}}{\text{Distance on ground}}\)

6. Convert Representative fraction 1:2,53,440 into a statement of scale (metric system).

Solution:

The given representative fraction can be converted into statement of scale in following steps:

1 : 2,53,440 means that 1 unit on map represents 2,53,440 units on the ground. In other words, 1 cm will represent 2,53,440/1,00,000 km (because 1 km = 1,00,000 cm)

Therefore, 1 cm = 2.5344 km In statement of scale form we can say that 1 cm represents 2.5344 km.

Answer 3

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Construct a graphical scale for representative fraction 1 : 50,000 in which distance is given in furlongs and miles.

Solution:

For graphical scale, to know the length of the line we need to make following calculations. 1:50,000 means 1 unit on map represents 50,000 units on ground.

In this way, 1 inch = 50,000 inches

6 inches = \(50000 \times \frac 6{63360}\)

6 inches = 4.73 miles

Since 4.73 miles is not an integer, therefore we take 5 as an integer on number line. Now we need to make following calculations to present number line as 5 miles.

Since 6 inches = 4.73 miles

Therefore 5 miles = \(6 \times \frac 5{4.73}\)

5 miles will be represented by 6.34 inches.

We can make the graph by following steps:

First of all draw a 6.34 inches line and divide it in 5 important parts. Except one part from the left, let us give all parts a distance of 1.268 inch. Now divide the first part in 4 equal parts and each part will be equal to 0.32 inch.

2. Construct a graphical scale for scale 1 inch = 1 mile and which can be read in furlongs and miles.

Solution:

For graphical scale, to know the length of the line we need to make following calculations.

1 inch = 1 mile

Since 1 inch = 1 mile and therefore, 6 inches = 6 miles We can make the graph by following steps:

First of all draw a 6 inches line and divide it in 6 important parts. Except one part from the left, let us give all parts a distance of one 1 inch. Now divide the first part in 4 equal parts and each part will be equal to 0.25 inch.

Viva Questions

1. According to English System of Measurement, convert 1 Mile into furlongs, yards, feet and inches.

Solution:

1 mile = 8 Furlongs = 1720 yards = 5280 feet
1 Furlong = 220 Yards = 660 feet = 7920 inches
1 Yard = 3 feet = =36 inch
1 Foot = 12 Inches

2. Give formula for representative fraction.

Solution:

Representative fraction is equal to distance on map divided by distance on ground.

3. If less space is available, what kind of scale will you choose?

Solution:

Large Scale

4. If you wish to study minor details of a map what kind of scale will you choose?

Solution:

Small Scale

5. What are different methods of showing scale on a map?

Solution:

There are three methods of presenting scale:

1. By scale statement;
2. by graphical or bar scale and
3. by representative fraction.

6. What is the unit in representative fraction?

Solution:

There is no unit in representative fraction.