Question

NCERT Solutions Class 11, Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-3, Latitude, Longitude and Time

For success in board and competitive exams, it’s crucial to achieve a deep understanding of Class 11 Geography, and NCERT Solutions are a valuable tool. Developed by experts, these resources emphasize significant themes in each chapter while adhering to the CBSE curriculum, providing essential assistance in your academic journey.

In these NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography, we have discussed all types of NCERT intext questions and exercise questions.

Concepts covered in Class 11 Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-3 Latitude, Longitude and Time, are-

• Parallels of Latitudes
• Drawing The Parallels of Latitudes
• Meridians of Longitude
• Drawing The Meridians of Longitude
• Longitude and time
• International Date Line

Our NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography offer detailed explanations to assist you with homework and assignments. By mastering the concepts in each chapter through these solutions, you'll be well-prepared to achieve top marks in your exams. Start your journey to academic success today!

Quickly access all the solutions and practice questions you require to improve your study habits and prepare thoroughly for academic success.

Answer 1

NCERT Solutions Class 11, Geography, Practical Work in Geography, Chapter-3, Latitude, Longitude and Time

1. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

(i) Which are the two natural points of references on the earth?

Solution:

North Pole and South Pole are the two natural points of reference on the earth.

(ii) What is a great circle?

Solution:

Equator is also called a great circle. The line drawn midway between the North Pole and the South Pole is called the equator. It is the largest circle and divides the globe into two equal halves.

(iii) What are coordinates?

Solution:

The latitudes and longitudes are commonly referred to as geographical coordinates as they provide a systematic network of lines upon which the position of various surface features of the earth can be represented.

(iv) Why does the sun appear to be moving from east to west?

Solution:

The sun appears to move from East to West around the earth, it mean that the earth rotates in opposite direction i.e., from West to East.

(v) What is meant by local time?

Solution:

The rate of the time at which the sun traverses over certain degrees of longitudes is used to determine the local time of an area with respect to the time at the Prime Meridian (0°Longitude).

2. Distinguish between latitudes and longitudes.

Solution:

Longitude	Latitude
The meridians of longitude refer to the angular distance, along the equator measured in degrees. It is measured east or west of Greenwich (0°) from 0° to 180°.	The parallels of latitude refer to the angular distance, of a point north or south of the equator as measured in degrees.
Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians.	Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels.
Reference point: 0° longitude is called the prime meridian.	Reference point: 0° latitude is called the equator.
It divides the earth into the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere.	It divides the earth into the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere.
All meridians of longitude appear as circle running through the poles.	All latitudes are parallel to the equator.
It helps to determine the time of a place.	It helps to determine the temperature of a place.

ACTIVITY

1. Find out the locations of the following places with the help of your atlas and write their latitudes and longitudes.

Solution:

Place	Latitude	Longitude
Mumbai	19° Northern Latitude	73° Eastern Longitude
Vladivostok	43° Northern Latitude	132° Eastern Longitude
Cairo	30° Northern Latitude	30° Eastern Longitude
New York	41° Northern Latitude	74° Western Latitude
Ottawa	45° Northern Latitude	76° Western Latitude
Geneva	47° Northern Latitude	7° Western Latitude
Johannesburg	27° Southern Latitude	27° Western Latitude
Sydney	34° Southern Latitude	152° Eastern Latitude

2. What would be the time of the following cities if the time at Prime Meridian is 10 a.m.? Tokyo 7:18 p.m.
Paris 10:8 a.m.

(i) Delhi

(ii) London

(iii) Tokyo

(iv) Paris

(v) Cairo

(vi) Moscow

Solution:

(i) Delhi 3 p.m.

(ii) London 10 a.m.

(iii) Tokyo 7:18 p.m.

(iv) Paris 10:8 a.m.

(v) Cairo 12 noon

(vi) Moscow 12:32 p.m.

Answer 2

More Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where is equator located? 

(a) 0° latitude
(b) 23 V2 0 latitude
(c) 66 ¥2 ° latitude
(d) 90° latitude

Solution:

(a) 0° latitude

2. On which longitude is International Date Line fixed?

(a) 180° longitude
(b) 0° longitude
(c) 150° longitude
(d) 90° longitude

Solution:

(a) 180° longitude

3. Where is Greenwich located?

(a) 180° longitude
(b) 0° longitude
(c) 150° longitude
(d) 90° longitude

Solution:

(b) 0° longitude

4. On which latitude has Indian Standard Time been determined?

(а) 23° western longitude
(b) 23 1/2° eastern longitude
(c) 82 1/2° western longitude
(d) 82 1/2° eastern longitude

Solution:

(d) 82 1/2°eastern longitude

5. In how many time zones is the world divided?

(a) 10
(b) 12
(c) 20
(d) 24

Solution:

(d) 24

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is a latitude?

Solution:

The parallels of latitude refer to the angular distance, in degrees, minutes and seconds of a point north or south of the Equator. Lines of latitude are often referred to as parallels.

2. What is a longitude?

Solution:

The meridians of longitude refer to the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds, of a point east or west of the Prime (Greenwich) Meridian. Lines of longitude are often referred to as meridians.

3. What is the relationship between longitude and time?

Solution:

When we move from west to east longitude, 4 minutes get added on and when we move from west to east, 4 minutes get subtracted.

4. What is the longitudinal extent of the earth?

Solution:

There are 180 eastern longitudes and 180 western longitudes. The longitudes vary from 0° to 180° eastward and westward of the Prime Meridian. The part of the earth east of the Prime Meridian is called the eastern hemisphere and in its west referred to as the western hemisphere.

5. What is the latitudinal extent of the earth?

Solution:

There are 90 southern latitudes and 90 northern latitudes. 0° latitude is called equator, latitude to the south of equator make up southern hemisphere and latitudes to the north of equator make up northern hemisphere.

6. How can you say that the earth is not a circle but sphere?

Solution:

The earth is nearly a sphere. It is because of the fact that the equatorial radius and the polar radius of the earth is not the same.

7. Why are latitudes and longitudes measured in degrees?

Solution:

Latitudes and longitudes are measured in degrees (°) because they represent angular distances.

8. How can we determine latitude of a place?

Solution:

Latitude of a place may be determined with the help of the altitude of the sun or the Pole Star.

9. What is IST?

Solution:

The Indian Standard Time is calculated from 82°30’E meridian passing through Mirzapur. IST is plus 5.30 hours from the GMT ((82°30’ x 4) (330 minutes = 5 hours 30 minutes).

10. Which countries have more than one time zone?

Solution:

The countries with large east-west span may choose more than one standard meridian to get more than one time zone such as Russia, Canada and the United States of America.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. When it is 12:00 noon in Greenwich then what will be the time at Thimbu, capital of Bhutan which is located at 90° east?

Solution:

At one degree time changes by 4 minutes Difference between Greenwich and Thimbu is equal to 90°

Therefore time difference = 90 x 4 = 360 minutes = 6 hours (360/60)

Since it is towards, east, time will increase by 4 minutes on each longitude. Therefore, it will be 6 pm in the evening.

2. When it is 12:00 noon in Greenwich then what will be the time at New Orleans which is located at 90° west?

Solution:

At one degree time changes by 4 minutes Difference between Greenwich and New Orleans is equal to 90°

Therefore time difference = 90 x 4 

= 360 minutes 

= 6 hours (360/60)

Since it is towards, west, time will decrease by 4 minutes on each longitude. Therefore, it will be 6 am in the morning.

3. When it is 12:00 noon in Greenwich then what will be the time at New York which is located at 74° west?

Solution:

At one degree time changes by 4 minutes Difference between Greenwich and New York is equal to 74°

Therefore time difference = 74 x 4

= 296 minutes

= 4 hours 56 minutes (296/60)

Since it is towards, west, time will decrease by 4 minutes on each longitude.

Therefore, it will be 7:04 am in the morning.

4. What is International Date Line? What is its importance?

Solution:

The world is divided into 24 time zones, there has to be a place where there is a difference in days, somewhere the day truly “starts” on the planet. The 180° line of longitude is approximately where the International Date Line passes. The time at this longitude is exactly 12 hours from the 0° longitude, irrespective of one travels westward or eastward from the Prime Meridian. Time decreases east of the Prime Meridian and increases to its west. Hence, for a person moving east of the Prime Meridian, the time would be 12 hours less than the time at 0° longitude. For another person moving westward, the time would be 12 hours more than the Prime Meridian. For example, a person moving eastward on Tuesday will count the day as Wednesday once [ the International Date Line is crossed.

Similarly, another person starting his journey on the same day, but moving westward will count the day as Monday after crossing the line.

Answer 3

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the relationship between longitude and time.

Solution:

The earth rotates from west to east over its axis. It makes the sun rise in the east and set in the west. The rotation of the earth over its axis takes 24 hours to complete one circle or 360° of longitudes. As 180° of longitudes fall both east and west of the Prime Meridian, the sun, thus takes 12 hours’ time to traverse the eastern and western hemispheres. In other words, the sun traverses 15° of longitudes per hour or one degree of longitude in every four minutes of time. The time decreases when we move from west to east and increases with our westward movement. The rate of the time at which the sun traverses over certain degrees of longitudes is used to determine the local time of an area with respect to the time at the Prime Meridian (0°Longitude). For example when it is 2 pm in Greenwich, it will be 3 pm in 15° east. (15 × 4 = 60 minutes = 1 hour).

2. Explain the process or drawing latitudes.

Solution:

Process of drawing latitudes:

• Draw a circle.
• Divide it into two equal halves by drawing a horizontal line in the centre. This represents the equator.
• Place a protractor on this circle in a way that 0° and 180° line on the protractor coincide with the equator on the paper.
• Now to draw 20°S, mark two points at an angle of 20° from the equator, east and west in the lower half of the circle.
• The arms of the angle cut the circle at two points. Join these two points by a line parallel to the equator. It will be 20°S.

 

3. Explain the process of drawing longitudes.

Solution:

Process of drawing longitudes:

• Draw a circle whose centre represents the North Pole. The circumference will represent the equator.
• Draw a vertical line through the centre of the circle, i.e. crossing the North Pole. This represents the 0° and 180° meridians, which meet at the North Pole as shown in figure given below:
   
• To draw a longitude, imagine that you are on the North Pole, i.e. at the centre of the circle as shown in Figure given above.
• Observe now that the relative directions of east and west would reverse in this case and east would be towards your left while west would be towards your right.
• Now, draw 45° E and W as shown in Figure given below:
  
• For this, place your protractor along the vertical line, coinciding with the 0° and 180° meridians and then measure 45° on both the sides, which will denote 45°. E meridian and 45° W meridian on your left and right, respectively.
• The diagram will represent the appearance of the earth if we look at it from directly above the North Pole.

Viva Questions

1. How many longitudes are there?

Solution:

There are 360° of longitude, 180° each in the east and west of the Prime Meridian. The latitudes are used to determine the local time.

2. How many latitudes are there?

Solution:

There are 180 latitudes, 90 in the south and 90 in the north.

3. What happens to time when we move from west to east and increases with our westward movement?

Solution:

The time decreases when we move from west to east and increases with our westward movement.

4. Name some countries having more than one standard time.

Solution:

Russia, Canada and the United States of America.

5. Give other name for great circle.

Solution:

Equator.

6. In how many time zones is the world divided?

Solution:

24

7. What is IST?

Solution:

The Indian Standard Time is calculated from 82°30’E meridian passing through Mirzapur. IST is plus 5.30 hours from the GMT ((82°30’ x 4) (330 minutes = 5 hours 30 minutes).

8. Why there is a time gap of 4 minutes in one degree of longitude?

Solution:

The sun traverses 15° of longitudes per hour or one degree of longitude in every four minutes of time.