(a) Difference between Himalayas Rivers and the Peninsular rivers-
| Aspects |
Himalayan rivers |
Peninsular rivers |
| Place of origin |
Himalayan mountains covered with glaciers |
Peninsular plateau and central highland |
| Nature of flow |
Perennial; receive water from glacier and rainfall |
Seasonal, dependent on monsoon rainfall |
| Type of drainage |
Antecedent and consequent leading to dendritic pattern in plains. |
Super imposed : rejuvenated resulting in trellis and rectangular pattern |
| Nature of river |
Long course, flowing through the mountains. Experiencing headwater erosion and river capturing in plains meandering and shifting of course. |
Smaller, fixed course with well adjusted valleys. |
| Catchment area |
Very large basins |
Relatively smaller basin |
| Area of river |
Young and youthful, active and deepening of the valleys. |
Old rivers with graded profile, and have almost reached their base levels |
| Examples |
Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra and their tributaries. |
Peninsular Plateau Chambal, Betwa, Central Highlands, Godavari, Krishna, etc. |
(b) Difference between Consequent rivers and Antecedent rivers-
| Basis |
Consequent rivers |
Antecedent rivers |
| Shape |
These rivers maintain their original shapes, deposits, the rise of land due to folding. The rivers keep on following in the same direction. |
It is an uplift area the rivers flow in the direction resulting as consequent of the slope |
| Age |
These rivers are older than the old mountain. |
These rivers are formed after the uplift of an area. |
| Gorges |
These rivers cut deep gorges due to down cutting. |
These rivers do not form gorges. |
| Examples |
Trans- Himalayan rivers such as Indus, Satluj, represent consequent rivers. |
The eastward flowing river of peninsular plateau which flow according to the slope are antecedent rivers. |
