(a) Goals of HGP
Some of the important goals of HGP were as follows:
(i) Identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA.
(ii) Determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA. (iii) Store this information in databases.
(iv) Improve tools for data analysis.
(v) Transfer related technologies to other sectors, such as industries.
(vi) Address the ethical, legal, and social issues
(ELSI) that may arise from the project.
(b) Knowledge of HGP has great significance for humans as given below.
(i) There are more than 1200 genes that cause common cardiovascular ailments, endocrine disease like diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, cancers and other neurological ailments. After taking their snapshots, it will be possible to know the method to alter them and remove the possibility of the disorders.
(ii) Single gene defects produce a number of hereditary diseases, that can be corrected.
(iii) It will be possible to study interactions between various genes, proteins, as well as mechanism of forming tissues, organs, tumours or switch over to different developmental stages.
(iv) It holds promise of healthier and longer living, designer drugs and genetically modified diets according to needs of individual human beings.
(c) BAC \(\rightarrow\)Bacterial artificial chromosomes.
It is a vector which is used to amplify the DNA fragment within the suitable host.
